MIP-1α Expression Induced by Co-Stimulation of Human Monocytic Cells with Palmitate and TNF-α Involves the TLR4-IRF3 Pathway and Is Amplified by Oxidative Stress
Metabolic inflammation is associated with increased expression of a saturated free fatty acid, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adipose oxidative stress. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) -1α recruit inflammatory cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in adipose tissue; However, the mechanism of promoting the expression of MIP-1α remains unclear.
We hypothesized that the co-induced by palmitate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α in monocytic cells / macrophages can be further enhanced by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated oxidative stress MIP-1α. To investigate this, THP-1 cells monocytic and human macrophages primary co-stimulated by palmitate and TNF-α and mRNA and protein levels of MIP-1α was measured by using transcription quantitative reverse, polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and commercial tests enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.
Cognate receptors of palmitic, pulses like receptor (TLR) -4, was blunted by genetic ablation, neutralization, and chemical inhibition. The involvement of TLR4-downstream pathway, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) -3 or myeloid differentiation (MYD) -88 factors, determined by using IRF3-siRNA or MyD88-deficient cells. induced oxidative stress in cells by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ROS induction treatment was measured with dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Data show that MIP-1α gene expression / protein upregulated in cells co-stimulated by palmitate / TNF-α compared with those stimulated with either palmitic or TNF-α (P <0.05).
Furthermore, TLR4-IRF3 the pathway involved in cooperative induction of MIP-1α in THP-1 cells, and this kooperatititas between palmitate and TNF-α is a clathrin-dependent and is also required signal through the c-Jun and nuclear factor kappa-light- to medium-chain enhancer activated B cells (NF-kB). In particular, the ROS itself induced MIP-1α and could further promote the secretion of MIP-1α together with palmitate and TNF-α. In conclusion, palmitic and TNF-α co-induced MIP-1α in human monocytic cells via TLR4-IRF3 and signaling pathways involving c-Jun / NF-kB. Importantly, oxidative stress leads to ROS-driven amplification MIP-1α, which may have significance for inflammatory metabolism.
MIP-1α Expression Induced by Co-Stimulation of Human Monocytic Cells with Palmitate and TNF-α Involves the TLR4-IRF3 Pathway and Is Amplified by Oxidative Stress
Progress in Regulating Cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis through TrkB signaling
Clinical Pathology various human malignancies supported by tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) B specific receptor TrkB which is derived neurotrophic factor from binding brain (BDNF) and TrkB .TrkB fusion protein has been observed for over-expressed in many cancer patients. In addition, they observed in several cell types. A multiple signaling pathways may be affected by abnormal activation pathway of BDNF / TrkB. These signaling pathways in-clude PI3K / Akt, transactivation of EGFR, phospholipase C-gamma (PLCγ) pathway, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, Jak / STAT pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells activated (NF-kB) pathway.
Description: Linifanib (ABT-869) is an effective ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor against the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) families, including constitutively active FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) [1][2].
Description: Linifanib (ABT-869) is an effective ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor against the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) families, including constitutively active FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) [1][2].
Description: Linifanib (ABT-869) is an effective ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor against the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) families, including constitutively active FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) [1][2].
Description: Linifanib (ABT-869) is an effective ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor against the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) families, including constitutively active FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) [1][2].
Description: PDIA3 protein is also known as Protein disulfide-isomerase A3. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDIA3 gene.PDIA3 is an enzyme that belongs to the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with lectin chaperones calreticulin and calnexin to modulate folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins. PDIA3 interacts with thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter in the kidney and is induced by glucose deprivation. PDIA3 is part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide-loading complex (TAP1), which is important for formation of the final antigen conformation and export from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface.
Description: Myelin P2 protein (PMP2) is also known as peripheral myelin protein 2, which is a cytosolic protein found primarily in peripheral nerves. PMP2 is a small, basic, and cytoplasmic lipid binding protein of peripheral myelin. Also, PMP2 may play a role in lipid transport protein in Schwann cells. Furthermore, PMP2 may bind cholesterol.
OxiSelect Human Oxidized HDL ELISA Kit (MDA-HDL Quantitation)
Description: The OxiSelect Human Oxidized HDL ELISA Kits are enzyme immunoassays developed for the detection and quantitation of human oxHDL in plasma, serum or other biological fluid samples. This oxidized HDL assay kit is configured to selectively measure MDA-modified HDL. The kit contains an MDA-HDL standard against which unknown samples may be compared. Note: For samples stored for more than one month, better results may be obtained with measurement of CML or HNE modifications, both of which are more stable than MDA.
Recombinant (E.Coli, His-tag) Human Pancreatitis-Associated Protein-1
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB (PDGF-AB) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Pig Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB (PDGF-AB) ELISA kit
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB (PDGF-AB) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Rat Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB,PDGF-AB ELISA kit
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB ELISA kit
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Rat Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB ELISA kit
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Rat Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB ELISA kit
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB, PDGF-AB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rabbit Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB (PDGF-AB) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rabbit Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB(PDGF-AB) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB,PDGF-AB ELISA kit
The BDNF / TrkB pathway, when over expressed in tumors, correlate with reduced clinical prognosis and short life span of the patient. Targeting the BDNF / TrkB pathway and the use of Trk inhibitors, such as entrectinib, larotrectinib., A promising method for tumor targeted therapy. This review provides an overview of the role of TrkB pathway in the pathogenesis of cancer and its value as a potential therapeutic target.
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