Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Diseases with Uncontrolled Immune Activation: Could Such a Scenario Be Helpful to Counteract COVID-19?
Some of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) of the patients developed acute pneumonia which can result in cytokine storm syndrome in response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. anti-inflammatory drugs are most effectively used so far in COVID-19 heavy-owned cytokine-directed biological agents, widely used in the management of various autoimmune diseases.
In this paper we analyze the effectiveness of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant substance in green tea leaves and well-known antioxidant, in counteracting the autoimmune disease, which is dominated by the major cytokine production. Indeed, many of the studies listed that EGCG inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-kB) transcription factor, whose activities are very important in a diversity of downstream signaling pathways pro -inflamasi.
Importantly, security / green tea extract EGCG supplements are well documented in many clinical trials, as discussed in this review. Since EGCG can restore the natural immunological homeostasis in many different autoimmune diseases, we propose here therapy COVID supplementation with EGCG in 19 patients. In addition to several actions antivirus and anti-sepsis, major EGCG benefits lie in the anti-fibrotic effects and the ability to simultaneously downregulate expression and signaling of many inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, EGCG may be considered as a potential safe natural supplement to counteract the hyper-inflammatory grow in COVID-19.
Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Diseases with Uncontrolled Immune Activation: Could Such a Scenario Be Helpful to Counteract COVID-19?
The topical application of Brown Seaweed alleviate Phlorotannins Radiation Dermatitis in Mouse Model
Radiation dermatitis (RD) is one of the common side effects of most of radiotherapy; progress of symptoms of erythema dry and moist desquamation, causing deterioration of the quality of life of patients. active metabolites in brown seaweed, including phlorotannins (PTN), demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity; However, they are limited medical use. Here, we examined the effects of PTN in a mouse model of RD in vivo. X-ray (36 Gy) delivered in three fractions with the rear leg of BALB / c mice. RD macroscopic scoring revealed that PTN is significantly reduced compared to the vehicle control RD.
Histopathological analysis of skin tissue revealed that PTN decreased epidermal and dermal thickness compared to the vehicle control. Western blotting showed that PTN plus nuclear factor erythroid factor of 2-related 2 (NRF2) / heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway activation but attenuated radiation NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and inflammasome activation, suggesting mitigation of acute inflammation in mice irradiated skin.
Universities also facilitate a rapid recovery, as shown by an increase in aquaporin 3 expression and decreased γH2AX (members of the family of histone X) expression. Our results suggest that topical application of State may reduce symptoms of RD by pressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory signals and by promoting the healing process. Therefore, the State can show great potential as cosmeceuticals for patients with cancer suffering from the side effects of radiation-induced inflammation as RD.
Description: Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) is a lysosomal enzyme that breaks down Cerebroside 3-Sulfate, a major constituent of the myelin sheet, into Cerebroside and Sulfate. The ARSA deficiency results in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD), a lysosomal storage disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems with severe and progressive neurological symptoms. Recombinant Human ARSA corresponds to the ARSA mature peptide and has sulfatase activity.
Description: Mouse Sonic Hedgehog Homolog (SHH) belongs to a three-protein family called Hedgehog. The other two family members are Indian Hedgehog (IHH) and Desert Hedgehog (DHH). Hedgehog proteins are key signaling molecules in embryonic development. SHH is expressed in various embryonic tissues and plays critical roles in regulating the patterning of many systems, such as limbs and brain. SHH also plays an important role in adult, including the division of adult stem cells and the development of certain cancers and other diseases.Mouse Shh is synthesized as a 437 aa precursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence and a 413 aa mature region. The mature region is autocatalytically processed into a nonglycosylated, 20 kDa, 174 aa Nterminal fragment (ShhN), and a catalyticprocessing,glycosylated, 34 kDa, 239 aa Cterminal fragment. The 20 kDa ShhN fragment is the core of the active hedgehog molecule. Mouse ShhN is 99%, 98%, and 100% aa identical to human, rat and gerbil ShhN, respectively.
Description: Mucin-1 (MUC1) is also known as Tumor-associated epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM), Peanut-reactive urinary mucin (PUM), PEMT, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), CD antigen CD227, Episialin, H23AG. MUC1 is a glycoprotein with extensive O-linked glycosylation of its extracellular domain. Mucins line the apical surface of epithelial cells in the lungs, stomach, intestines, eyes and several other organs. Mucins protect the body from infection by pathogen binding to oligosaccharides in the extracellular domain, preventing the pathogen from reaching the cell surface. Except protective function by binding to pathogens, MUC1 also functions in a cell signaling capacity. Overexpression of MUC1 is often associated with colon, breast, ovarian, lung and pancreatic cancers.
CORNING® REUSABLE PHENOLIC GPI 28-410 THREADED SCREW CAP WITH RUBBER LINER
Description: IL-36Ra/IL-1F5 is a highly and a specific antagonist of the IL-1 receptor-related protein 2-mediated response to IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), IL-36beta (IL-1F8) and IL-36gamma (IL-1F9). These cytokines bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1. IL-36Ra inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-23 induced by IL-36 in BMDC and CD4 T cells. Skin and dendritic cells are target of the IL-36 interleukins leading to a Th1 response. Recently mutations that affect the levels and the activity of IL-36Ra have been found in patients with pustular psoriasis, leading to enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 in particular) by keratinocytes.
Description: GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the development of neutrophils and macrophages and promotes the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. It is produced in by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes. GM-CSF inhibits neutrophil migration and enhances the functional activity of the mature end-cells. The human and murine molecules are species-specific and exhibit no cross-species reactivity. Recombinant human GM-CSF is a 14.6 kDa globular protein consisting of 128 amino acids containing two intramolecular disulfide bonds and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites.
Description: GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the development of neutrophils and macrophages and promotes the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. It is produced in by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes. GM-CSF inhibits neutrophil migration and enhances the functional activity of the mature end-cells. The human and murine molecules are species-specific and exhibit no cross-species reactivity. Recombinant human GM-CSF is a 14.6 kDa globular protein consisting of 128 amino acids containing two intramolecular disulfide bonds and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites.
Description: Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Probable menaquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome c subunit, recombinant protein.
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neurodegenerative diseases (NDS) is a debilitating condition characterized by degeneration of neurons in certain brain regions, causing disability and death in patients. In the pathophysiology of NDS, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation of the nerves have an important role, as shown by in vivo and in vitro models. Therefore, the use of molecules with antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory is possible strategies for the treatment of NDS. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of fumaric acid esters (FAEs) to neutralize nerve inflammation and oxidative stress.
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