Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Opioid Receptor Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Opioid Analgesia, Immune Function, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Opioid Receptor Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Opioid Analgesia, Immune Function, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes exogenous pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger associated molecular patterns (muffle) and the initiation of the innate immune response. opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ) activates the G-protein inhibition and relieve pain. This review summarizes the following types TLR4 / opioid receptor crosstalk pathways: (a) Opioid receptor agonist non-stereoselectively activates TLR4 signaling pathway in central nervous system (CNS), in the absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Opioids bind to TLR4, in a way consistent with LPS activates TLR4 signaling, which leads to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-kB) expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α , interleukin (IL) -1β, and IL-6. (B) Opioid receptor agonists inhibit LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway in the peripheral immune cells. Opioids are operating as pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in nerve inflammation in the CNS, but they mediate the immunosuppressive effects in the peripheral immune system.

It is clear that the TLR4 / opioid receptor crosstalk pathways vary depending on cell type and stimulus activates. (C) Both TLR4 and opioid receptor pathway activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This crosstalk is located downstream of TLR4 and opioid receptor signaling pathway. In addition, the classical opioid receptors can also produce pro-inflammatory effects in the CNS through the MAPK signaling and induces neuroinflammation. (D) agonist opioid receptor induces production of high mobility box group 1 (HMGBcellular (neuron-to-glia or glia-to-neuron) interactions.

This review also summarizes the potential effects of TLR4 / opioid receptor pathway crosstalk on analgesia opioids, immune function, and gastrointestinal motility. opioid non-stereoselectively activate the pathway TLR4, and together with the next release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 by glia, TLR4 signifies the initiation of immune middle of the response signal and modify opioid pharmacodynamics.

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Opioid Receptor Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Opioid Analgesia, Immune Function, and Gastrointestinal Motility
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Opioid Receptor Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Opioid Analgesia, Immune Function, and Gastrointestinal Motility

The. WET neuropathic pain HMGBof to explained the morphine-induced sensitization persistent, positive feedback has been proposed, this involves a morphine-induced reinforced the initial release of IL-1β and release of aggravated subsequent damping, which increases activation of TLR4 and purinergic receptors P2X7R. opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ) agonists are involved in many aspects of immunosuppression. The intracellular TLR4 / opioi d receptor signaling crosstalk pathway induces the formation of β-Arr estin-2 / TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) complex, which contributes to morphine-induced inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in mast cells. A possible molecular mechanism is that TLR4 pathway was initially triggers the formation of β-Arrestin-2 / TRAF6 complex, which is reinforced by the opioid receptor signaling, indicates that β-Arrestin-2 acts as a functional component of TLR4 pathway.

Rabbit purified IgG, F(ab)'2 fragment (2 mg)

AS10-921 2 mg
EUR 220

Goat anti-Human IgG F(ab')2 Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS21-4573 2 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG F(ab')2 Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS21-4574 2 mg
EUR 206

CsoS1A/B/C | Major carboxysome shell protein 1A, AB, 1C

AS14-2760 50 µg
EUR 302

Rabbit anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 Fragment

AS16-3370 1 mg
EUR 250

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment

AS16-3437 1,0 mg
EUR 224

Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment

AS16-3521 1,0 mg
EUR 206

NFKB1 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS7131881-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 270

NFKB1 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS7131881-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 1200

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

E11-8506B 100μg
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

NFKB1 (Ab-893) Antibody

CSB-PA108426- each
EUR 402
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-893). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-893) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200

NFKB1 (Ab-893) Antibody

CSB-PA108426-100ul 100ul
EUR 379.2
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-893). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-893) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS851704-01mg 0.1mg
EUR 305

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS851704-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 465

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS851704-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 465

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS851704-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 465

GABBR2 (Ab-893) Antibody

MBS851704-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 465

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-1236 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, Biotin conjugated, F(ab)'2 fragment

AS10-806 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Unconjugated

AS10-846 1 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, DyLight® 488 conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgA, IgM or IgG F(ab)'2 fragment

AS16-3353 0,5 mg
EUR 196

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, FITC conjugated

AS16-3450 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, HRP conjugated

AS16-3454 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS16-3467 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-1009 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-1011 0,5 mg
EUR 185

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS10-1018 0,5 mg
EUR 185

Goat anti-Human IgG + IgA + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-1039 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-1045 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgA (alpha chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-1076 0,5 mg
EUR 239

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-1081 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgA (alpha chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS10-1097 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated

AS10-1139 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-1200 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgA + IgG + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated

AS10-1222 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated

AS10-1237 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgA + IgG + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-1253 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgA + IgG + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-1275 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS10-1289 0,5 mg
EUR 175

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-1295 0,5 mg
EUR 185

Goat anti-Human IgA + IgG + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS10-1306 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgA heavy (alpha chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Unconjugated

AS10-743 1 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated

AS10-774 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-775 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-779 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-805 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated

AS10-848 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-849 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-852 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated

AS10-946 0,5 mg
EUR 185

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-967 0,5 mg
EUR 175

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated

AS10-991 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-997 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-998 0,5 mg
EUR 185

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-1029 1 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-1163 1 mg
EUR 175

Goat anti-Human IgA + IgG + IgM, F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-1184 1 mg
EUR 175

TSH (beta) | thyroid stimulating hormone (Affinity purified, F(ab)2' fragment, goat antibody)

AS10-1325 0,5 mg
EUR 532

Goat anti-Human IgA heavy (alpha chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated

AS10-745 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgA heavy (alpha chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated

AS10-746 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-773 1 mg
EUR 206

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated

AS10-960 1 mg
EUR 233

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 633 conjugated

AS12-2182 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 633 conjugated

AS12-2189 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 800 conjugated

AS12-2381 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 800 conjugated

AS12-2428 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, DyLight® 488 conjugated

AS16-3526 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, DyLight® 488 conjugated

AS16-3527 0,5 mg
EUR 202

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 488 conjugated

AS10-1220 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min,reactivity to human, mouse IgG

AS10-1145 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-814 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-817 0,5 mg
EUR 233

NFκB-p105 (Ab-893) Antibody

21018 100ul
EUR 319

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to IgG from human or mouse

AS16-3371 1,0 mg
EUR 238

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,mouse,rabbit serum

AS10-1001 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

AS10-1002 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse IgG

AS10-1023 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

As10-1071 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse IgG

AS10-1088 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,mouse,rabbit serum

AS10-1099 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

AS10-1189 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

AS10-1193 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse IgG

AS10-1234 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-782 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-785 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-813 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

AS10-981 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,mouse,rabbit serum

AS10-1015 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse,Rat IgG

AS10-1058 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse,Rat IgG

AS10-1065 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or IgA

AS10-1090 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,mouse,rabbit serum

AS10-1157 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse IgG

AS10-1215 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or IgA

AS10-1287 0,5 mg
EUR 259

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgA+IgG

AS10-1296 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or IgA

AS10-1298 0,5 mg
EUR 273

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-781 0,5 mg
EUR 206

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-812 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or IgA

AS10-959 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG/serum

AS10-961 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgM (µ chain), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or IgA

AS10-979 0,5 mg
EUR 273

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to Human IgA/IgM, Bovine, Horse, Mouse, Rabbit Serum

AS16-3350 0,5 mg
EUR 216

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3459 1,0 mg
EUR 284

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovin, human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-1042 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-1059 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse,Rat IgG

AS10-1077 1 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-1146 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-1153 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 488 conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse lgG

AS10-1217 0,5 mg
EUR 259

Goat anti-Human IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine/mouse/rabbit serum

AS10-780 1 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 550 conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human, mouse lgG

AS12-1980 0,5 mg
EUR 246

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, mouse or rabbit serum proteins, mouse IgG1

AS16-3356 1,0 mg
EUR 238

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3461 1,0 mg
EUR 252

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Affinity purified, Unconjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-982 1 mg
EUR 190

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 800 conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to human IgG or serum proteins

AS12-2436 0,5 mg
EUR 220

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3441 0,5 mg
EUR 264

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3445 0,5 mg
EUR 300

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3452 0,5 mg
EUR 284

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3456 0,5 mg
EUR 300

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, goat, human, rabbit, or rat IgG

AS16-3468 0,5 mg
EUR 284

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 Fragment, min, cross-reactivity to non-immunoglobulin rabbit serum proteins and human serum proteins

AS16-3530 1,0 mg
EUR 203

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP (alkaline phosphatase) conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine,human, mouse IgG/serum

AS10-1017 0,5 mg
EUR 233

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, mouse or rabbit serum proteins, mouse IgG1

AS16-3354 0,5 mg
EUR 238

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, mouse or rabbit serum proteins, mouse IgG1

AS16-3355 0,5 mg
EUR 245

Goat anti-Human IgG Fc, F(ab)'2 Fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, mouse or rabbit serum proteins, mouse IgG1

AS16-3358 0,5 mg
EUR 275

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, ALP conjugated min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3440 0,5 mg
EUR 257

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, Biotin-conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3462 0,5 mg
EUR 238

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, FITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3463 0,5 mg
EUR 214

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, HRP conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3464 0,5 mg
EUR 183

Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, TRITC conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, horse, human, pig or rabbit serum protein

AS16-3465 0,5 mg
EUR 214

Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L), F(ab)'2 fragment, DyLight® 594 conjugated, min, cross-reactivity to bovine, human, or Mouse lgG or serum proteins

AS12-2083 0,5 mg
EUR 206


Persistent inflammation is a complication associated with many diseases of the eye. Changes in ocular vascular disease response can strengthen and contribute to vision loss by affecting the delivery of leukocytes with the eyes, blood vessels leak, and perfusion. Here, we report the anti-inflammatory activity for AXT107, non-RGD, 20-mer αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin binding peptide that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -signaling and activates the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF-like domain 2 (Tie2 ) using ligands normally inhibitory angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), a central mediator of inflammation, Ang2 induces the release of endothelial cells to increase the stimulation of inflammation and leakage of blood vessels

Tony

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